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By Niraj Kumar (Founder & Educator, BR DOT HUB) • Category: EXAM NOTES • Reading Time: 8 Mins • Updated: September 2026

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Date Start: 01 Oct 2026, 08:00 AM

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Modern Indian History - Freedom Movement Timeline (1857-1947)

Phase 1: The Revolt of 1857

The Revolt of 1857, initiated at Meerut on May 10, 1857, was the first major organized resistance against the British East India Company. Major leaders included Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Kunwar Singh of Jagdishpur (Bihar), Nana Saheb, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh.

Phase 2: Formation of Indian National Congress (1885)

Founded in December 1885 by A. O. Hume with Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee as the first President in Bombay.

Phase 3: Gandhian Mass Movements

  • Champaran Satyagraha (1917): Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India, addressing the tinkathiya system of indigo cultivation in Bihar.
  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922): Launched in response to the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre; suspended after the Chauri Chaura incident.
  • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Initiated by the historic Dandi Salt March on March 12, 1930.
  • Quit India Movement (1942): Launched on August 8, 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan with the call 'Do or Die'.

    • Independence and Partition (1947)

    Mountbatten Plan on June 3, 1947 led to the Indian Independence Act, creating India and Pakistan in August 1947.

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